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Unemployment is if a person has ability to do work and is willing to do work but is unable to get job opportunity. There are so many reasons of unemployment but here are a few in this discussion like one reason is in Pakistan education system is defective. There is no educational planning. This system is producing the stuff, which is useless in technical fields of the country. There is lack of technical and vocational institutions. Public attitude towards education is wrong, they want to get their degrees in general and arts subjects. Nobody can set up his own business without technical education.
Similarly, In Pakistan there is lack of every kind of planning. There is a huge difference between the demand and supply for labor. There is absence of such kind of planning to produce doctors, engineers, technical, experts, scientists etc, according to the need of different sectors of the economy. Load shedding of electricity is disturbing economy, especially the industrial sector. Due to less availability and high rates of basic inputs like electricity, gas and oil etc, many industries have been closed and job vanished.
In Pakistan, tax system is not satisfactory. Ratio of direct taxes is more than indirect taxes. Tax dodging is common. Due to less income from the taxes, government cannot start developmental projects. If there is no investment, then from where public would find jobs. On the other side if government takes step to increase indirect taxes, it would also affect investment and ultimately employment level.
Political instability, bad law and order situation, army’s interference, bomb blasts, terrorism, inconsistent economic policies etc are the factors which are disturbing domestic and foreign investment. Due to 9/11 incident, Gulf war and the baseless allegations of terrorism the image of Pakistan has been affected very badly at international level. So in the current scenario Pakistan has limited job opportunities in other countries of the world too. Craziness for work only in government sector, instead of private sector and seasonal firms, industries are also responsible for unemployment.
The negative impact of unemployment is as during a long period of unemployment, workers can lose their skills, causing a loss of human capital. Being unemployed can also reduce the life expectancy of workers by about 7 years. High unemployment can encourage racism as workers fear that outsiders are stealing their jobs. Unemployment also encourages use of drugs by individuals. Proper economic planning, consistent policies of government, better law and order situation, abolishing energy crisis, sincerity with Pakistan and by adopting the Islamic economic system we can not only tackle the issue of unemployment but every economic problem of our country as well.
In Pakistan by and large there is a joint family system in which there are grandparents, uncles, aunties and lot of cousins. Although this family system is undergoing a drastic change with a greater influence of media and education but people do not feel this change a good one. As a joint family system has a lot of emotional attachments enhanced and they feel that by this family dispersion their relations will be weakened and damaged. In Joint family system there are defined norms and values to follow strictly by all the members. All the members have their defined tasks and responsibilities to perform. There is equal share of each and every member of the family in the available resources in the form of money, food and other requirements. If all the requirements and regulation of this organization fulfill fairly then it is the most successful system but unfortunately this not happens.
In a joint family systems now lot of crisis emerge on the issues like distribution of household tasks, allocation of financial responsibilities among different members, division of resources in the form of food and money. There are various reasons of each emerging issue in joint family system. Firstly; members of joint families have no income security. As if a person has surety that whatever he earned it is his own then he could become ready to invest and entrepreneurs for the economy of the country through proper savings. Joint family system also creates problems in children rearing. As among various loving relations mostly it becomes impossible for parents to prohibit their children from various bad habits, rude attitude and wrong behaviors. Loving relations like uncles, aunties and grandparents do not like to stop children harshly. They do not like to blame or scold their young grand children and hence they bring up in a wrong support of their loving relations which impacts their whole life badly and therefore they do the same wrong deeds in their mature life and hinder their own career and give loss to the country’s economy also. When little boys and girls groomed up in such an environment where there are people who support them for wrong deeds then become irresponsible individuals of the country who contribute to prevent developmental process.
Being an Islamic country, people of Pakistan prefer to adopt Islamic systems in their life styles so it is important to inform Pakistani people that joint family system is strictly prohibited in Islam. It does not like mix living of girls and boys in a form of family. There are limitations by Islam to control unlawful intimate relations. Some families in Pakistan are use to live in Joint family system but trying to follow this religious tradition in wrong way. This creates a lot of problems in women’s life.
Islam does not appreciate joint family system. It is a tradition that we have inherited from Hindus, male & female living & eating together. Islam does not allow this but in Pakistan when a girl gets married; she is forced to live in the joint family system. But if you want Islamic point of view then there is no such concept. Because when you live in the same house there’s bound to be loose talks between male (in-laws) and female members of the family and Islam doesn’t like that. She has no privacy. If she tries to seclude herself in her room, she is considered to be arrogant. No voices have been raised against this important issue. It is a woman’s right to live separately. She has the right to make decisions equally with her husband & to raise their children accordingly but in Pakistan this right has been taken away from the girl. When the new bride enters the house she is taken for granted. She is not allowed to make decisions nor is given her rights.
A woman is only asked to take care of her husband but unfortunately this is not the scenario in our country. If a girl asks for a separate home, she is said to be with bad moral values. It is in an Islamic culture that a girl, when she asks for a separate house, the husband should provide her. If the husband is poor & can’t afford, then at least he should give her a separate portion in the same house where no one should interfere in her privacy. In our culture if the wife asks for a separate house, the husband gives justifications that he has to reimburse his family for what they have done. But Islam doesn’t appreciate it. It’s the duty of every parent to give proper upbringing to the child & when he is old enough, get him married to a pious girl & let them take care of themselves. We should not expect from our children rather expect it from Allah.
Even though the Islamic marriage practice is simple, many Muslims plan colorful, multiday celebrations to mark a wedding. The traditional marriage ceremony itself, called a “Nikah” in Arabic, is simple and short activity. It generally follows the process as:
At the wedding, which can take place pretty much anywhere, the bride and groom are separated in different rooms. An officiant, who can be any man familiar with Islamic law, heads to each room separately. There he asks the spouses-to-be if they consent to the marriage and if they are marrying of their own free will. A representative called a “Wali” answers the officiant's questions on the bride's behalf. The couple signs the marriage contract or license, with witnesses observing. The officiant brings the pair together and pronounces them husband and wife.
The wedding traditions for the Muslims will also include an engagement ceremony, called the “Mangni”. In this ceremony, the groom's family provides a dress for the bride, and the Muslim couple exchange rings. The customs of the Muslim culture stresses upon various restrictions when it comes to marriage. The Muslim families supposed to invite all the people they know for the wedding. They have to put extra effort to make this marriage a memorable among family and friends. They have to spend money and bring people from faraway places. They sometimes crossed their limits and they borrow money to conduct a wedding in this showoff manner.
It is important to note that some of the customs followed in Pakistani weddings have no foundation in Islam. Nevertheless, the Pakistani culture has adopted those ceremonies and traditions from the Hindu culture. Such as “Dholki” which is totally based on singing and dancing, Mayun which is the bride entering into the state of isolation seven days before the wedding. She’s made free of all the household tasks and responsibilities around the house. Ubtan that is actually a paste made from turmeric, sandalwood powder, herbs and aromatic oils, which groom's mother brings for bride. She blesses bride and applies “Ubtan’ to the bride's hands and face. Groom's sister also does the same, and a thick string called a “Gana” is tied to the bride’s arm. “Ubtan” is applied to the bride's skin each day leading up to the wedding. Similar ceremony is held for the groom, where bride's mother, sisters, cousins and friends bring “Ubtan” for groom and rub it on his skin. Rasm-e-Mehndi (Henna Party) takes place a day before the wedding. It’s a ceremony mainly of women. They apply Mehndi to the bride's hands and feet, sing, dance, and bless the bride. After the ceremony dinner is organized for the guests. Traditionally, the bride is not allowed to take part in the celebrations and keeps her face hidden in veil. Rasm-e-Mehndi is organized for grooms also. Baraat is procession of family, relatives, and friends of groom that go with the groom to bride’s home for official wedding ceremony. Groom makes his way to the bride's home on a richly decorated car and “Baraat” follows in different vehicles. Groom is given warm welcome by the bride’s family with rose petals. Then comes the “Nikah” time after that “Rukhsati” takes place in which the bride before her departure to the groom's house says goodbye to her parents, close friends and family. The Quran is held over her head as a blessing. It’s a pretty touching moment. Although this practice is un-Islamic but a lot of Pakistani families have come to adopt it.
Walima is ceremony to announce the wedding to community and friends. It’s a grand reception hosted by the groom's parents. Relatives, friends and community people are invited to the reception. A lot of Western traditions have become a part of Islamic marriages, and they should not make this part of their traditions. One such tradition is displaying the bride on stage. The bride is not meant to be for public display, and she is supposed to be covered well too. She cannot display any parts of her body to the guests who are present at the Muslim marriage. The Muslim bride's family too, must not indulge in spending too much for the feast that they will want to hold after the marriage. It is only the duty of the Muslim bridegroom's family to have a feast or Walima, and invite all friends and family members for the feast.
General Pervez Musharraf, the second of three brothers, was born in Delhi on August 11, 1943. His parents chose to settle in Karachi after the formation of Pakistan. He comes from a middle class family. His father, Syed Musharraf-ud-din, was a member of the Pakistani Foreign Service and later, retired as secretary of foreign affairs. His mother, Zarin, worked for the United Nations Organization. Shortly after the India-Pakistan division in 1947, Syed moved his wife and three children, Musharraf, older son Javed, and youngest son, Naved from Old Delhi, India, to Pakistan.
He spent his early years in Turkey, from 1949 to 1956, due to his father, the late Syed Musharraf-ud-din deputation in Ankara. Fluently he can talk in Turkish language and claims that Kamal Ataturk is his hero. Later the family moved back to Pakistan, and Musharraf attended St. Patrick's School in Karachi and graduated in 1958. He later attended Forman Christian (FC) College in Lahore and was said to be a good math student. In 1961, Musharraf attended the Pakistan Military Academy and graduated 11th in his class. He was commissioned in April 1964 to an artillery regiment and later joined the Special Service Group. Musharraf continued his military education at the Command and Staff College and the National Defense College in Pakistan. He also attended the Royal College of Defense Studies in the United Kingdom. In 1965, he was charged with taking not permitted leave and was about to be court-martialed when war broke out with India. The charges were dropped and Musharraf reported for duty.
Musharraf was commanding an artillery brigade. In the 1990s, he was promoted to major general and assigned an infantry division and later commanded an elite strike force. Later he served as deputy military secretary and director general of military operations. As his rank and notoriety rose, Musharraf was also making inroads in the political arena. In 1998, he was personally promoted over other senior officers by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to be the Army chief of staff and chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.
From May to July 1999, Pakistan and India took up arms once again in what became known as the Kargil Conflict in the Kashmir area along the northern borders of India and Pakistan. Prime Minister Sharif claimed Pervez Musharraf was solely responsible for the Kargil misfortune while Musharraf claimed Sharif was to blame. In any case, the incident was a total embarrassment for Pakistan.
Prime Minister Sharif claimed Pervez Musharraf was solely responsible for the Kargil misfortune while Musharraf claimed Sharif was to blame. In any case, the incident was a total embarrassment for Pakistan, not to mention a loss of prestige, morale, blood and treasure. On October 12, 1999, Sharif attempted to dismiss Musharraf from his position as commander-in-chief of the Army, but senior Army generals, loyal to Musharraf and believing the prime minister was distancing himself from any responsibility for the military defeat, refused to accept Musharraf dismissal. Musharraf was out of the country, but when word reached him of Sharif's orders, he immediately boarded a commercial airliner for Pakistan. Sharif ordered the Karachi airport closed to prevent Musharraf plane from landing. The generals seized control of Sharif's administration and placed Sharif under house arrest. He was later exiled to Saudi Arabia. Musharraf arrived at the capital and took control of the government. The sitting president of Pakistan, Rafiq Tarrar, remained in office until June 2001, at which time Musharraf formally appointed himself president.
The United States required Pervez Musharraf support, promising to provide billions in aid to Pakistan and applying heavy pressure to break diplomatic ties with Afghanistan and join the "war on terror". Ultimately he agreed to join the U.S.A in order to stable the economic condition of Pakistan. Shortly after Musharraf seizing of the government in 1999, several Pakistanis filed court petitions challenging his assumption of power. Musharraf had always claimed his intention was to institute democracy in Pakistan.
The Pakistani Supreme Court asked Musharraf to hold national elections by October 12, 2002. To ensure his continued control, Musharraf held a referendum on April 30, 2002, to extend his term of office another five years after the October elections. But opposition parties and coalitions formed against Musharraf, and the Parliament was virtually paralyzed for over a year. In November 2003, Musharraf agreed to hand certain powers over to the newly elected Parliament. The National Assembly elected Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali as prime minister.
Musharraf was reelected in October 2007, but the election was contested by a number of judges because he still held the dual positions of army chief and head of state. Musharraf had several of the judges arrested, suspended the constitution, and declared a state of emergency, shutting down all private media channels. On November 24, 2007, the Pakistan Election Commission confirmed the reelection of Pervez Musharraf as president. Musharraf resigned from the military on November 28, 2007, thus releasing some of the pressure and continuing what seems to be a "passive-aggressive" pattern of political strategy to stay in control with as much power as he can garner respectfully.
On March 22, 2008, the Pakistan People's Party named ex-Parliament Speaker Syad Yousaf Raza Gillani as its candidate for prime minister to lead a federation government against Musharraf. At first Musharraf resisted, saying he would defeat those who tried to push him out of office. On August 18, 2008, however, Pervez Musharraf resigned from the post of president in response to the coalition government's threat of trial. It is believed that, had the allegation taken place, he would have faced corruption and possibly murder charges. The departure of the former general set off wild celebrations in Pakistan. After his resignation, Musharraf went on a pilgrimage to Mecca and has made a few public-speaking appearances in the United States. He has said that he would like once again to participate in Pakistani politics but has no plans for the abrupt future.
The ending of Pervez Musharraf time as leader of Pakistan is a mixed one. He did much to improve Pakistan's financial condition, making it the world's third-fastest-growing economy in 2006 and a preferred country for investment. His policies and alliances helped Pakistan significantly reduce its foreign debt and reduce poverty, and they set the country on a path of prosperity, growth, and economic reform. He married Begum Sehba in 1968. They have two children, Ayla and Bilal, and four grandchildren: two granddaughters from Ayla and a grandson and a granddaughter from Bilal. Ayla works as an architect in Karachi. Bilal is a graduate from Stanford University and works in the United States, in Silicon Valley.
Hundreds of thousands of mourners paid last good wishes to former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto on Friday, 28Dec2007. She was buried at her family's mausoleum in Garhi Khuda Bakhsh, the southern province of Sindh. The attacker struck just minutes after Bhutto addressed a rally of thousands of supporters in Rawalpindi, 8 miles south of Islamabad. She died after hitting her head on part of her vehicle's sunroof and not as a result of bullets a spokesman of Pakistani ministry said it.
Benazir Bhutto, the eldest child of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, was born on 21June1953, at Karachi. She attended “Lady Jennings Nursery School” and then “Convent of Jesus and Mary” in Karachi. After two years of education at the “Rawalpindi Presentation Convent”, she was sent to the “Jesus and Mary Convent” at Murree. She passed her O-level examination at the age of 15. In April 1969, she got admission in the U.S.A at Harvard University's Radcliffe College. In June 1973, Benazir Bhutto graduated from Harvard University with a degree in “Political Science”. After graduating from Harvard, Benazir Bhutto joined Oxford University in the fall of 1973. Just before graduation, she was elected to the Standing Committee of the most prestigious “Oxford Union Debating Society”.
Benazir Bhutto returned to Pakistan in June 1977. She wanted to join the Foreign Service but her father wanted her to compete in the National Assembly Election. As she was not yet of age to contest so she primarily started with assisting her father as a political advisor. In July 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq imposed Martial Law. During the Martial Law, Benazir Bhutto was permitted to go abroad on medical grounds in January 1984, after spending nearly six and a half years in jail. She went into exile in England for two years.
In July 1984, her younger brother Shah Nawaz died under strange circumstances in Paris. She came back to Pakistan to attend his burial ceremony. A year later she came back to Pakistan to fight the elections for National and Provincial Assemblies held by General Zia-ul-Haq. When she returned on 10April1986, one million people welcomed her at the Lahore airport. She attended massive rallies all over Pakistan and kept in close touch with the “Movement for Restoration of Democracy”.
Benazir Bhutto married to a wealthy landowner, Asif Ali Zardari, in Karachi on 18December1987. The couple had three children: A son Bilawal and two daughters, Bakhtawar and Aseefa. She became the first ever female prime minister of a Muslim nation on 1Dec1988.
In 1990 she was found herself in court protecting her against several charges of corruption while in office. She continued to be a prominent focus of opposition discontent, and ultimately won a further election in 1993. But unfortunately was replaced in 1996 due to several charges again against her and her husband. While in self-imposed exile in Britain and Dubai, she was condemn misconduct and verdict to three years in prison in 1999. She continued to direct her party from abroad, being re-affirmed as “Pakistan People’s Party” leader in 2002.
Benazir Bhutto came back to Pakistan on 18October2007, after President Musharraf approved her official pardon on all corruption charges, opening the way for her return and a possible power-sharing agreement. Mournfully her homecoming rally after eight years in exile was hit by a suicide attack. She was rushed to the hospital, but soon succumbed to injuries suffered in the attack. The loss of the country's most popular democratic leader has plunged Pakistan into turmoil that intensifying the dangerous instability of a nuclear-armed nation in a highly volatile region more.
Currently her son is acting as a chairman of the Pakistan People’s Party. Her husband is in service of Pakistanis in the form of President of Pakistan. Along with the ability of being a prudent political leader she has numerous roles to play on the stage of life as an obedient daughter, loyal wife, amicable mother, smashing personality, realistic writer and a dedicated lecturer. Her publications include "Daughter of the East" and "Foreign Policy Perspective".
Happily, there are many examples of people in Pakistani show business who appreciate and recognize the virtues of their hard work and ingenuity. Such an example is Atiqa Odho, who is amply gifted with numerous qualities; she is a make-up artist, a hair stylist, a model, a TV star, a film star and now an entrepreneur as she moves to her own business of a cosmetic company- Atiqa Odho. Born to a liberal family, she received the best possible education and upbringing in the U.S.A. Though initially she gives the impression of an ordinary child but later on her zeal set her apart from her peers.
Additionally the vivacious and vital Atiqa had her own position from her earlier days. Atiqa was persuaded by Pakistani television in 1990 to work for a drama serial. Her acting appealed to the masses and one can easily remember her great performances till now. She was highly successful in modeling as well. After nearly a decade, Atiqa grew too tired of travel between U.S. and Pakistan. Hence, she decided to make Pakistan her permanent residence. She has a keen desire to provide an amiable atmosphere to her two children, and her husband, Javaid, in Pakistan.
In fact, Atiqa stepped into her working life as a make- up artist and got training in England. Later, she moved to Pakistan and practiced her profession as a beautician. She started her own beauty parlor and appropriately named it “Cuts and cappuccino”. Since returning back to Pakistan after years in the States, Atiqa Odho is proving unstoppable she is all set to make a difference and has already realized her vision of launching own cosmetics line.
She had several reasons for launching a color cosmetic range in the market but the two main ones were my belief that a woman understands another woman’s needs and that she was simply tired of seeing what was available in the marketplace. Either very substandard products were on the shelf in retail or alternately extremely expensive imported products that were not affordable to the Pakistani women.
The product has beautiful and glamorous packaging color that is “Red” which makes consumers exciting. The unique coding of lipsticks makes it easy for consumer to remember like for pink lipstick “AP” and for brown lipstick “AB”. The code automatically tells about the lipstick shade.
At present Atiqa brand consists of 35 Lipstick colors, 20 Loose Eye-shadow colors with applicators, 25 Pressed Eye-shadow colors with applicators, 10 Blush-on colors with applicators, 8 Cake Face Powders colors, 8 Eyeliner colors, and Mascara. Atiqa says that the market is still abundant in opportunities for new entrants and that she likes healthy competition.
In Pakistan all organizations almost paying attention to three functions more than others that is as discussed below:
Human Resource Planning; First Function of HRM
In poor human resource planning we are encountered with two types of problem.
Understaffing
Overstaffing
Proper staffing requires an assessment of present and anticipated needs of the organization compared with present and future predicted resources. Simply we can say that efficient human resource planning bring demand and supply into balance. So, planning mean you must have a clear picture of your existing work force profile. The things you must consider of your employees are as: No. of employees, Ages, Gender, Skills, Experiences, Character, Flexibility, Capabilities and Potential.
Recruitment and Selection: Second Function of HRM.
Recruitment means discovering the “potential candidates” and Selection is a process start from applicants CV scanning. Recruitment is of two types as:
Internal Recruitment
External Recruitment
Overall the major sources of recruitment are as: Internal promotions and transfers, Head hunters, University / campus hunting, Professional agencies, Employment agencies and Advertising.
After CV is being scanned an interview is carried out immediately by sending an interview letter to the applicant through post. Mostly an expert panel interview the candidate and it may take several days. Interview testing includes the following portions: Aptitude testing, Skill testing, Behavior testing, Stress testing and General intelligence.
Training & Development- Third Function of HRM
Training means imparting skills, abilities & knowledge in employees which help them in performing their current job duties.
Development means grooming of employees keeping in mind job anticipated needs & obviously for the sake of their growth in the organization
Survival of Fittest
But above all these old concepts one thing is important that any change in life brings a lot of learning opportunities no matter whether it comes from training or other developmental techniques. One should take these activities in a positive way & it’s very important for the “survival of fittest” both from organizational perspective and from individuals’ perspective.
Pakistani organizations should focus on the other pillars of human resource management as well like Compensation & Benefits, Employee Relations, Talent Management and most crucial one “Change Management” with the same intensity to achieve even better zeros achieved on their side. Zero is the new word in the management terminology for the word goal.
The present business environment is characterized by fast, unpredictable, and high-value competition. To survive in this scene organization must be receptive, responsive and elastic. The new economy is described by the “shift to knowledge” as the main determinant of economic growth and success. The “shift to knowledge” as the primary source of value means that knowledge plays a key role in the definition, functioning, and performance of organization.
Instead of capturing “intellectual human capital” organizations should develop a culture of knowledge management and knowledge development. It is crucial to know that human beings are social animals they can only learn through interaction so any organization which has dream that its employees have good communication skills, decision making power, analytical skills, negotiation skills, and innovation should focus on the social interaction. Moreover, this interaction must be open to mind without any limitations and boundaries so that the employees can learn more than usual. Maintain a culture of experience share and knowledge share in the entire organization as it is a valuable assets your employees have with themselves.
Knowledge is an intangible asset and can be a source of competitive advantage if properly espouse to the world. The organizations learn as its employees involve in learning behavior. Employees can learn through both ways formal and informal. But during my observation period I noticed that informal part contributes more in learning. Unfortunately in Pakistan even big organizations that operate locally now focus on training session which cost more and in outcome reward less. Training is a great source of learning but follow training without other investigations that here in this particular scenario it is needed or not is common. This “Training Fashion” can be dangerous for human minds and capacity.
Simply what the necessity of time is organizations in Pakistan should develop a “Knowledge circle”. This can be a sector based and should develop a year calendar for meetings, get together and training sessions. Also Participants in all events should be sector base not company one. It will save cost and results will be more towards achieved side.
It is a much critical period for all businesses around the world and everyone is trying to be best in order to sustain its business activities. The preeminent approach is to develop the business hub on knowledge base. However, try to use the employees’ potential in the appropriate direction is equally significant.
It is right that each and every company in Pakistan like to have a Human Resource Department but not much clear with what’s this department’s boundary, functions and requirements are? Just by following western management style or multinational companies it is not possible to get the desired domino effect. In Pakistan we need to modify HR functions with creativity to achieve our desire goals. We also need to train not only HR students but truly our organizations, for better use of this Human Resource Department functions.
In this ever changing competitive world it is become very difficult for the companies to become differentiated from others. Each company can have the same infrastructure, technology, policies, SOP’s, raw material and processes. The only resource which can give competitive edge to any company over the other one is its human resource. This competitive edge enables the company to sustain and increase their market share. The strategic role of Human Resource Management has been realized world over a period of time. Organizations have realized the dire need of establishing well developed Human Resource Department that can contribute toward organization’s productivity. Human Resource Department performs both core and supporting functions.
Unfortunately not much attention has been paid to Human Resource Department working in Pakistani local organizations. We are still in the process of renaming our Personnel Departments as “Human Resources”, whereas the job market is raising question: “Is HR a career in crisis?” The fact is, the role of Human Resource is evolving constantly and we need to move away from the traditionally administrative function and consider it as a major contributor in organizations successes by aligning the Human Resource goals with the Organizational Goals. But our local organization’s state of affairs is different to that of the multinationals because Human Resource here is truly practiced by multinational companies only. A few liberal Pakistani firms also have Human Resource functions but mostly intermingled and not well defined. There is an increasing trend of outsourcing the Human Resource functions like recruitment and selection, training and development. In many organizations various Western Human Resource models are applied as such ignoring the cultural difference, infrastructure difference and size of organization. Many organizations even use this department to take advantage in the form of human psychology and play with it as a strong marketing tool for the firm credibility, trustworthiness and strength.
However, the criticisms about Human Resource seem to be the same around the world and this is at the heart of the issue.
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